In 1839, Britain invaded China to crush resistance to its involvement in the country`s economic and political affairs, and one of the main objectives of the British war was to occupy Hong Kong Island, populated off the coast of southeastern China. The new British colony (Hong Kong Island) experienced prosperity as it became a trading center between East and West and a commercial gateway and distribution center for southern China, and in 1898, Britain received an additional 99 years of rule over Hong Kong under the Second Beijing Accords. In 1923, the agreement was ratified after several rounds. So, basically, fantastic claims are nothing more than a conspiracy theory that is variously concocted as an imminent threat or as an excuse for real or perceived difficulties. The Treaty of Lausanne has no expiry date. The text of the contract can be read here. The date of the contract: ……….. But what intrigues me and what I want to ask on this platform is like that. Are there really any obligations under the Treaty that are still in force? I know that the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles are a kind of international waters under the supervision of the Turkish authorities. But is there anything else Turkey can`t do because of the deal? If so, is there really an expiry date for commitments? This is reflected in Turkey`s military concentrations on the borders with Iraq and Syria and its engagement in the Red Sea through an agreement on the Sudanese island of Sawaken, as well as Turkey`s military intervention in the northern Syrian city of Afrin. In addition, Turkey can conquer its former Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, which were ceded to Greece under the treaty, which is why the maritime agreement that Egypt has concluded with its maritime allies, Greece and Cyprus, in addition to the signing of the Cairo Declaration in 2014, has disrupted Turkish plans in the Mediterranean. Hatay province remained part of Syria`s French mandate under the Treaty of Lausanne, but gained independence in 1938 as a Hatay state, which joined Turkey in 1939 after a referendum. Opponents of the new Turkish regime were politically amnestied, but the government reserved the right to make 150 exceptions.
[28] Turkey`s 150 personae non gratae (mostly descendants of the Ottoman dynasty) slowly acquired citizenship – the last in 1974. [Citation needed] In Asia, Turkey relinquished sovereignty over Iraq, Jordan and Palestine to come under British influence, while Syria and Lebanon fell under the French Mandate, and Turkey retained Anatolia, and Armenia became an independent republic under international guarantee. In Europe, Turkey ceded parts of Eastern Thrace and some of the Aegean islands to Greece and the Dodecanese and Rhodes to Italy, retaining Constantinople and its periphery, including the area of the Dardanelles Strait and the Bosphorus, which was neutralized and internationalized, and the Allies gained more effective control over the Turkish economy with surrender rights. The Second Treaty of Lausanne led to the international recognition of the sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey as the successor to the Ottoman Empire. Turkish President Erdogan and his supporters are still talking about updating the Lausanne Treaty or even pretending it expires in 2023 and they say the country will be free from certain obligations. In September 1984, after years of negotiations, the British and Chinese signed a formal agreement authorizing the return of the island to China in 1997 in exchange for China`s promise to maintain Hong Kong`s capitalist system, and on the first of July 1997, Hong Kong was officially handed over to China at a ceremony attended by a number of Chinese and British personalities. The head of Hong Kong`s new government, Tung Chee Hwa, has established a policy based on the concept of “one country, two systems” that maintains Hong Kong`s role as a major capitalist center in Asia. However, this important agreement, known as the Treaty of Lausanne, which expires in July 2023, could set a precedent for Turkey to revive its former colonial ambitions.
Here it is possible to find a balance between the Treaties of Lausanne II and the “Treaty of Nanking”, which China ceded to Britain after the First Opium War, by signing the Chenba Agreement, which aims to end the First Anglo-Chinese Conflict. With this historic agreement expiring in 2023, the myths of the restoration of the former Ottoman Empire have never been erased by the continued ambition of the Turks, as they are known for their expansion plans, colonization and nationalism. Among many agreements, there was a separate agreement with the United States, the Chester Concession. In the United States, the treaty was rejected by several groups, including the Committee Against the Treaty of Lausanne (COLT), and on January 18, 1927, the United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty by 50 votes to 34, six votes less than the two-thirds required by the Constitution. [20] As a result, Turkey cancelled the concession. [9] Hello everyone because I really want to read the post of this site which is updated regularly. It contains beautiful data. Subsequently, the “Lausanne II Conference” took place, whose work lasted three months, and led to the signing of the “Treaty of Lausanne” of an international peace agreement on July 24, 1923 in the hotel “Beau Rivage Plus” in Lausanne, in southern Switzerland, the contracting parties include the victorious powers after the First World War (in particular Great Britain, France and Italy) and the Ottoman Empire, which led its delegation to the conference, Ismet Inonu, and formally on the basis of which the Ottoman Empire was divided, and the Turkish Republic was founded under the presidency of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
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